Stress in pets causes the release of adrenaline and other chemicals within their body that elevate blood sugar levels and blood pressure and increases the workload of the heart and lungs. As the body quickly funnels all energy toward the 'fight or flight' response, blood vessels constrict and other systems, such as the digestive and immune system are inhibited. Levels of the stress hormone, cortisol, climb and may remain elevated for a long time, even after the stressors are removed.

There will be situations where your pet wants to express excitement and happiness through their body language. If they want to share their excitement with you, certain manifestations may appear to be stress signals. Abnormal behaviours may not mean stress every time. If you are observant, you will be able to sift through such behaviours and determine which are caused by stress.

Be on the lookout for 'clusters' of stress signs such as barking or meowing constantly, whining, scratching, digging, drooling, trembling and shaking, pacing, rapid panting, 'submissive' urination or marking, diarrhoea, vomiting, loss of appetite, destructive behaviour, avoiding eye contact, keeping the tail between the legs and acting shy.

Unresolved stress can lead to behavioural problems and health problems as your pets body is not equipped to handle the ‘fight or flight’ response in the long term. Dogs and cats are much less prone to stress if they lead a happy life that includes plenty of exercise (one of the best stress busters), grooming, and of course fresh water and food.